Losing a Lost Tribe: Native Americans, DNA, and the Mormon Church/Index

From FAIRMormon

Jump to: navigation, search

Contents

Index to claims made in Losing a Lost Tribe: Native Americans, DNA, and the Mormon Church

This is an index of claims made in this work with links to corresponding responses within the FAIR Wiki. An effort has been made to provide the author's original sources where possible.

Introduction

Page Claim Response Use of sources
xiiiThe Book of Mormon talks primarily of a small group of Jews who sailed from Jerusalem in 600 B.C.Book of Mormon and DNA evidence—What are we looking for?
  • No specific verse given. This is an incorrect statement.—Lehi was a descendant of Manasseh, and was not a Jew, however, author later makes the correct statement regarding Lehi's ancestry on page 5.
xiiiMormons believe that the dark skinned race constitutes the principal ancestors of the American IndiansAre the Lamanites the principal ancestors of the American Indians?
  • This is based upon a phrase added in the 1981 introduction to the Book of Mormon.
  • The 1830 Book of Mormon contains no such claim.
xivJoseph Smith claimed that the Book of Mormon was the most correct book on earth.Book of Mormon as the most correct book
  • No source given.
  • The common source for this statement is History of The Church 4:461
xivThe Israelites are said to have arrived in a land kept from the knowledge of other nations.Book of Mormon anachronisms—Demographics
xivThere is no mention of any non-Israelite people in the New World.Amerindians as Lamanites
  • None given.
xivThe Book of Mormon describes the farming of Old World domesticated plants.Book of Mormon anachronisms—Plants
  • None given.
xivThe Book of Mormon mentions horse, oxen, cattle and goats in the New World.Book of Mormon anachronisms—Animals
  • None given.
xvLittle has been discovered to support the civilizations described in the Book of Mormon.Book of Mormon archaeology
  • No specific sources.
  • General reference to "anthropologists and archaeologists."
xvThe Church employs academics to professionally defend the Book of Mormon.Does the Church employ or pay LDS apologists?
  • None given.
  • This is an accusation frequently made on anti-Mormon discussion boards.
xvThe weight of evidence has forced LDS scholars to scale back the scope of the Book of Mormon.Book of Mormon and DNA evidence—Geography issues
  • None given.

Chapter 1: A Chosen Race in a Promised Land

Page Claim Response Use of sources
3Attempts to describe Mormon doctrine are "fraught with peril."Changing doctrine
  • Author's opinion.
3Reversals of doctrine regarding polygamy and regarding Blacks and the priesthood were "painful and damaging" to the Church.Changing doctrine
  • Author's opinion.
  • No examples of the "pain" and "damage" are provided.
4The idea that the words of living prophets supersede the words of dead prophets has been "recently" promoted.Changing doctrine
  • No source given.
4Mormon doctrine is "fluid and changeable."Changing doctrine
  • No source given.
7-8The Nephites raise "herds of cattle, goats and horses."Book of Mormon anachronisms—Animals
  • No source given.
8The Nephites raise Old World wheat and barley.Book of Mormon anachronisms—Plants
  • No source given.
8The Nephites construct a temple that is "similar in splendor" to Solomon's.Book of Mormon anachronisms—Temple in New World
  • No source given.
  • Common source used is 2_Ne. 5:16
8The Nephites are skilled in the use of metals such as iron, copper, brass, gold and silver.Book of Mormon anachronisms—Metals
  • No source given.
8The Nephites use steel to fashion swords, breastplates, and arm and head shields.Book of Mormon anachronisms—Metals—Swords
  • No source given.
8The Nephites built defensive mounds around their cities.Book of Mormon and warfare—Fortifications
  • No source given.
8The Lamanites vastly outnumber the Nephites.Book of Mormon anachronisms—Demographics
  • No source given.
8The Book of Mormon links the color of a person's skin to morality.Blacks and the priesthood—LDS scriptures
  • 2_Ne. 5:21
  • Latter Day Saints' Messenger and Advocate, March 1835
9The Book of Mormon promotes the view that the "white race" is superior.Blacks and the priesthood—LDS scriptures
  • No source given.
10In 1966 the Book of Abraham papryi were discovered.Book of Abraham papyri
  • Larson, By His Own Hand upon Papyrus: A New Look at the Joseph Smith Papyri, 1992
10The translation of the papryi does not resemble the Book of Abraham.Book of Abraham—Book of the Dead
  • Larson, 1992
10The denial of the priesthood to the Blacks was based upon the Book of Abraham.Blacks and the priesthood—Origin of the priesthood ban
  • No source given.
10-11The Church publicly taught racist principles in the 1950's.Racist statements by Church leaders
  • Mark E. Petersen, "Race Problems—As They Affect the Church," Talk given at Brigham Young University on Aug. 27, 1954
11The 1978 revelation allowing all men to hold the priesthood came in response to "public pressure."Blacks and the priesthood—Social pressure
  • No source given.
12Many General Authorities believed that the priesthood prohibition would remain in place until Christ's return.Blacks and the priesthood
  • No source given.
12Passages in the Book of Mormon were rewritten to "tone down references to skin color."Book of Mormon textual changes—"white" changed to "pure"
12LDS scripture states that those with lighter skin color "are favored because of what they did as spirits in a pre-earth life."Blacks and the priesthood—Pre-existence
  • No source given.

Chapter 2: Race Relations in Colonial America

Page Claim Response Use of sources
17A similarity exists between the degraded Lamanites and the Native Americans of the 19th Century.Amerindians as Lamanites
  • Brodie, No Man Knows My History, 1971.
22The Book of Mormon portrays the Lamanites as naked, head shaven, tent dwelling, arrow wielding and idle, similar to stereotypical perceptions of the Native Americans at the time.Amerindians as Lamanites
  • No source given.
27Joseph Smith "fell under the spell of the mounds and could not resist the lure of buried riches."Book of Mormon and the Mound Builders
  • Silverberg, The Mound Builders, 1968.
  • Vogel, 1986, 1994.
  • Brodie, No Man Knows My History, 1971.
27Joseph Smith used a "seer stone" or "peep stone" to search for buried treasure.Joseph Smith and seer stones
  • No source given.
27Joseph Smith was charged with being "disorderly" for his money digging activities in 1826.Joseph Smith's 1826 glasslooking trial
  • No source given.
28Scholars have "concluded" that Joseph Smith was inspired by View of the Hebrews.Book of Mormon and View of the Hebrews
  • Persuitte, 2000.
28The New World history in View of the Hebrews "shares close parallels with the plot of the Book of Mormon."Book of Mormon and View of the Hebrews
  • Ethan Smith, View of the Hebrews, 1825.
29Joseph Smith was inspired by the myths surrounding the Moundbuilders in writing the Book of Mormon.Book of Mormon and the Mound Builders
  • Brodie, No Man Knows My History, 1971.
30Joseph "likely" added the story of the Jaredites to account for how animals arrived in the New World after the Flood.Story of Jaredites added to explain presence of animals in New World

Chapter 3: Lamanites in the Latter Days

Page Claim Response Use of sources
37Mormonism does not assign value to native cultures, their histories or mythologies.Mormonism and native cultural traditions
  • No source given.
37The Lamanite "family" has expanded to include Native Americans and Polynesians.Polynesians as Lamanites
  • Gospel Principles, 1997, p. 268.
38The patriarchal blessings of Native Americans and Polynesians often state that they are of the tribe of Manasseh (through Lehi).Polynesians as Lamanites
38-39Modern day prophets repeatedly declare Native Americans and Polynesians to be descendents of Lehi.Polynesians as Lamanites
  • Gordon B. Hinckley, Church News, Mar. 13, 1999. (Colonia Juarez Chihuahua Temple dedication)
  • James E. Faust, Church News, Mar. 18, 2000. (Tuxtla Gutierrez Mexico Temple dedication)
  • Thomas S. Monson, Church News, May 27, 2000. (Villahermosa Mexico Temple dedication)
  • Gordon B. Hinckley, Church News, Aug. 7, 1999. (Guayaquil Ecuador Temple dedication)
  • Gordon B. Hinckley, Church News, May 13, 2000. (Cochabamba Bolivia Temple dedication)
40The Church believed that Lamanites who accepted the Gospel would become light-skinned.Lamanite curse
  • 3_Ne. 2:14-16
  • Spencer W. Kimball, "The Day of the Lamanites," The Improvement Era, December 1960, 922-923.
41A general authority claimed that the writings of Ixtlilxochitl corroborated the Book of Mormon.Book of Mormon geography/Statements
  • Milton R. Hunter, sometime in the 1960's.
42Most Mormons are unaware that the New World has been continuously inhabited for 14,000 years.Book of Mormon and DNA evidence
  • No source given.
42The New World shows no sign of having experienced a universal flood.Global or local Flood
  • No source given.
42The Church employs apologists to defend the "myths" surrounding the Book of Mormon.Apologetics
  • No source given.
43Members are encouraged not to try and determine where the Book of Mormon occurred.Book of Mormon geography
  • No source given.
45Church leaders "seem reluctant or powerless to curtail" the belief among Mesoamerican and South American saints that they are descendents of the Lamanites.Amerindians as Lamanites
  • Author's opinion.

Chapter 4: The Lamanites of Polynesia

Page Claim Response Use of sources
47The assumption that Polynesians are descendents of Lehi is the "most precarious" belief taken from the Book of Mormon.Polynesians as Lamanites
  • No source given.
47"Mormon folklore" suggests that Hagoth colonized the Pacific.Polynesians as Lamanites
48George Q. Cannon taught the Polynesians that they were descendents of the Israelites.Polynesians as Lamanites
  • Scott G. Kenny, "Mormons and the Smallpox Epidemic of 1853," The Hawaiian Journal of History, 31:1-26 (1997).
49Brigham Young stated in 1958 that the Polynesians were descendents of Abraham.Polynesians as Lamanites
  • Norman Douglas, "The Sons of Lehi and the Seed of Cain: Racial Myths in Mormon Scripture and Their Relevance to the Pacific Islands," Journal of Religious History, 8:90-104 (1974).
49The "curse was redefined" to apply only to people of African descent.Blacks and the priesthood
  • No source given.
52Words spoken in General Conference are considered to be "akin" to scripture.General authorities' statements as scripture
  • No source given.
54Spencer W. Kimball and Heber J. Grant believed that the islanders were descendents of Lehi.Polynesians as Lamanites
  • Spencer W. Kimball, "First Presidency Message: Our Paths Have Met Again," Ensign, 5:2-7 (1975)

Chapter 6: Science and the First Americans

Page Claim Response Use of sources
83LDS Scholars frequently associate the Olmec and Maya with the Jaredite and Nephite civilizations.Amerindians as Lamanites—Maya and Olmec
  • No source given.

Chapter 9: The Outcasts of Israel

Page Claim Response Use of sources
120We should expect the common culture, history and ancestry to be revealed in the genes of the lost 10 tribes and those of the kingdom of Judah if they are actually related.Book of Mormon and DNA evidence
  • No source given.
128-129The Lemba can be genetically tied to the line of Aaron.Lemba and Cohen modal haplotype
  • Webber Ndoro, "Great Zimbabwe," Scientific American, Nov. 1997, 62-67.
  • Tudor Parfitt, Journey to the Vanished City: The Search for a Lost Tribe of Israel, 1997.
  • Thomas, et al., "Y Chromosomes Traveling South: The Cohen Modal Haplotype and the Origins of the Lemba 'Black Jews of Southern Africa'," American Journal of Human Genetics 66:674-86 (2000).
  • Ezra 2:35
129In Mesoamerica, there is no genetic support for European lineages.Book of Mormon and DNA evidence
  • No source given.

Chapter 10: The Lord's University

Page Claim Response Use of sources
135Mormons believe that if there is a conflict between science and religion, that the science is incorrect.Mormonism and science
  • McConkie, Mormon Doctrine, 1979. No page number given.
135-136Mormonism reserves the right to identify scientific truth.Mormonism and science
  • No sources provided.
136Mormonism declares that it "corners the market" on religious truth.Salvation of non-members
136Joseph Smith declared that all other religions were false."Joseph Smith said that all churches were wrong, and that they were an 'abomination' in God's sight. Doesn't that sound bigoted?"
136LDS think that all other religions are the "whore of the earth" and "church of the devil"Whore of the earth
136The current generation of Mormons is taught a selective view of Church historyCensorship and revision of LDS history
  • Boyd K. Packer, "The Mantle is Far, Far Greater than the Intellect," BYU Studies, 21:259 (1981)
137Many church members are "blissfully unaware" of Brigham Young's practice of polygamyBrigham Young and polygamy
  • Teachings of the Presidents of the Church: Brigham Young, 1997
137Senior church leaders prefer that members not question changes in temple ordinances.Temple endowment changes
  • No sources given.
138LDS ecclesiastical leaders expect "unquestioning obedience" of church members.Authoritarianism and Church leaders
  • No sources given.
139The Church "unofficially" discourages prayer to "Mother in Heaven"Heavenly Mother
  • AAUP Committee on Academic Freedom and Tenure. 1998. "Report of Committee A," Academe: Bulletin of the American Association of University Professors. Sept./Oct.: 71-4.
140Church leaders are "loath" to make unequivocal statements of doctrine.Changing doctrine
  • No sources given.
140BYU's emphasis is on conformity rather than personal freedom.Authoritarianism and Church leaders
  • Student Honor Code, Brigham Young University
141CES insists that gospel learning takes precedence over secular learning.Mormonism and education  [needs work]
  • The only sources referred to are "parents."
142Limited geography theories advanced by FARMS are "much too controversial" for CES studentsBook of Mormon geography/New World/Limited Geography Theory
  • No sources given.
142Spencer W. Kimball believed in a hemispheric Book of Mormon geographyAmerindians as Lamanites#Talking past each other?
  • A talk by President Kimball given in 1977 (not listed in "Works Cited" section)
142Church members are shocked at the "limited archaeological evidence" for the Book of MormonBook of Mormon archeology
  • No sources given.
143LDS apologists continue to tell members how "scientists continue to get it wrong."Apologetics
  • No sources given.
143Most members follow their leaders without question.Authoritarianism and Church leaders
  • No sources given.
143LDS theology supports a literal interpretation of the creation of man.Mormonism and science
  • No sources given.
143LDS theology supports a literal interpretation of the tower of Babel.Mormonism and science  [needs work]
  • No sources given.
143LDS theology supports a literal interpretation of the FloodGlobal or local Flood
  • No sources given.
143-144The perception is that the Church has officially denounced evolution.Evolution
  • McConkie, Mormon Doctrine, 1979.
  • Boyd K. Packer, "Our Moral Environment," Ensign, May 1992, p. 66. (This talk does not specifically mention the theory of evolution - Packer is stating that we are not simply "advanced animals," which the author includes in his quote.)
146The Garden of Eden was in Jackson County, MissouriGarden of Eden in Missouri?
146Mormons believe that the continents separated only after a global flood.Global or local Flood  [needs work]
146Mormons are "compelled" to believe in a global flood as symbolizing the "baptism of the earth"Global or local Flood
  • No sources given.
148FARMS' goal is to deter members from reading any book that challenges their faithDoes the Church discourage reading critical material?
  • The author states that this is an "obvious" conclusion.

Chapter 11: Plausible Geography

Page Claim Response Use of sources
153B.H. Roberts' manuscripts "Book of Mormon Difficulties" and "A Book of Mormon Study" were "clearly intended for publication."B.H. Roberts and "Studies of the Book of Mormon"  [needs work]
  • Brigham H. Roberts, Studies of the Book of Mormon, 2nd edition, 1992.
153Roberts' concluded that a 19th-century origin for the Book of Mormon was "entirely plausible"Book of Mormon and View of the Hebrews
  • Brigham H. Roberts, Studies of the Book of Mormon, 2nd edition, 1992.
154LDS scholars have made a "steady retraction" of claims regarding the scale of the Nephite/Lamanite presence since the 1920's.Book of Mormon geography/New World/Limited Geography Theory
  • No source given.
156All Church presidents, General Authorities and "most church members" have believed in a hemispheric Book of Mormon geographyBook of Mormon geography/Statements
156The Book of Mormon states that the Lamanites are "the principal ancestors of the American Indians"Are the Lamanites the principal ancestors of the American Indians?
  • 1981 introduction to the Book of Mormon.
156A hemispheric geography most closely aligns with an "uncontrived" reading of the Book of Mormon.Book of Mormon geography/New World/Hemispheric Geography Theory
  • Author's opinion.
159Moroni makes no mention of traveling from Central America to New York in the Book of Mormon.Book of Mormon geography/New World/Limited Geography Theory/Plates to New York
  • John L. Sorenson, An Ancient American Setting for the Book of Mormon, 1985.
160There is no indication that the Book of Mormon people came in contact with others in the land.Book of Mormon anachronisms/Demographics
  • Brigham H. Roberts, Studies of the Book of Mormon, 2nd edition, 1992.
  • John L. Sorenson, An Ancient American Setting for the Book of Mormon, 1985.
163The shrinking of Book of Mormon geographical models corresponds with the growing research showing that ancient Americans came from Asia.Book of Mormon geography/New World/Limited Geography Theory
  • No source given.
164A limited Book of Mormon setting is at odds with "a straightforward reading" of the Book of Mormon.Book of Mormon geography/New World/Limited Geography Theory
  • Author's opinion.
164The limited Book of Mormon setting contradicts D&C 54:8Book of Mormon geography/Borders of the Lamanites

Chapter 12: Faith Promoting Science

Page Claim Response Use of sources
168LDS scholars believe that Mayan cities are prime candidates for where Lehi's people lived.Amerindians as Lamanites—Maya and Olmec
  • No source given.
168The Jaredites are usually identified as the OlmecAmerindians as Lamanites—Maya and Olmec
  • No source given.
168Joseph Smith declared the the city of Palenque was a Nephite city, but modern scholarship indicates this city wasn't built until 600 A.D.Book of Mormon geography—Statements—15 Sept. 1842: Speculation that Palenque is a Nephite city
  • No source given by the author.
  • The statement made by the author about Palenque is incorrect. The earliest recorded ruler was was K'uk Balam (Quetzal Jaguar), who governed Palenque for four years starting in the year 431 A.D.
  • Pottery shards show that Palenque was occupied as early as 300 B.C.
  • If one assumes, as Joseph apparently did, that Palenque was indeed a Nephite city, and knowing as we do now the tendency for Mesoamerican conquering rulers to destroy the monuments or records of previous ones, it would not at all be surprising to see the record go back only to the time that the Lamanites conquered the Nephites (approximately 400 - 420 A.D.).
  • A known reference to Joseph's statement about Palenque is Joseph Smith (editor),"Extract from Stephens' 'Incidents of Travel in Central America'," Times and Seasons 3/22 (15 September 1842): 915. off-site GospeLink
168The history of Book of Mormon archaeology is "littered with apostacy"Book of Mormon geography—Apostacy  [needs work]
  • Michael D. Coe, "Mormons and Archaeology: An Outside View," Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 8:40-48 (1973).
172There is no evidence of iron or steel smelting in the ancient New WorldBook of Mormon anachronisms—Metals—Iron
  • Michael D. Coe et al., Atlas of Ancient America (1986).
172There were no wheeled vehicles in ancient AmericaBook of Mormon anachronisms—Chariots  [needs work]
  • No source given.
172There were no draft animals to pull wheeled vehiclesBook of Mormon anachronisms—Animals—Horse
  • No source given.
172There are no archaeological remains of wheat or barley in Mesoamerica. The barley found in Arizona doesn't count because it was only in a limited region.Book of Mormon anachronisms—Plants—Barley
  • No source given.
173Deer or tapir were never ridden by Native Americans, therefore they could not be the "horses" referred to in the Book of MormonBook of Mormon anachronisms/Animals
  • No source given.
  • The Book of Mormon never refers to horses being ridden by the Nephites.
173Dee Green said in 1973 that Book of Mormon archaeology does not existBook of Mormon archaeology  [needs work]
  • Dee F. Green, "Book of Mormon Archaeology: The Myths and the Alternatives," Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 4:71-80 (1973).
175"Book of Mormon archaeology" has yielded little credible evidenceBook of Mormon archaeology
  • John E. Clark, "Book of Mormon Geography," Enclyclopedia of Mormonism (1992).
  • Hugh W. Nibley, An Approach to the Book of Mormon (1964).
  • Hugh W. Nibley, Lehi in the Desert: The World of the Jaredites; There Were Jaredites, (1988).
  • Bruce W. Warren, Review of F. Richard Hauck, Deciphering the Geography of the Book of Mormon: Settlements and Routes in Ancient America, and John L. Sorenson, An Ancient American Setting for the Book of Mormon in BYU Studies 30:127 (1990).
  • David J. Johnson, "Archaeology" Encyclopedia of Mormonism (1992).
176The Smithsonian issues a statement that discredits the Book of MormonSmithsonian statement on Book of Mormon archaeology
  • Smithsonian Institution.
177LDS apologists claim that the simplification of the Smithsonian statement indicates that the original statement is now inconsistent with the current knowledge of Mesoamerican archaeologySmithsonian statement on Book of Mormon archaeology
  • Sorenson critique, 1995.
177There is little evidence of a cultural link between Polynesia and the Americas. A linguistic link between a South American variety and Polynesian variety of sweet potato is not yet explained.Polynesians as Lamanites
  • No source given.

Chapter 13: LDS Molecular Apologetics

Page Claim Response Use of sources
180Most Mormons have had their ancestors posthumously "baptized into the Mormon faith."Baptism for the dead
  • No source given.
181The Molecular Genealogy Foundation may reveal disconcerting "surprises" in LDS family trees that trace back to "well known polygamists" in the early church.Joseph Smith and polygamy/Children of polygamous marriages
  • Author's opinion that the project may reveal embarrassing information about the descendants of Joseph Smith and other Church leaders through plural wives.
184The Indian Student Placement Program was an attempt to turn them "white and delightsome."Lamanite curse
  • Thomas Murphy, doctoral thesis.
184"Mormon folklore" claims that Native Americans and Polynesians carry a curse based upon "misdeeds on the part of their ancestors."Lamanite curse
  • Thomas W. Murphy and Simon G. Southerton. 2003. "Genetic Research: A 'Galileo Event' for Mormons," Anthropology News, 44:20.
185-186In response to the DNA issue, the Church linked to an article written by Jeff Lindsey, "a chemical engineer with no professional training in DNA research."Book of Mormon and DNA evidence
186LDS scientists have responded to DNA findings by claiming that it would be improbable to find evidence of an Israelite presence in the Americas.Book of Mormon and DNA evidence
186LDS writers claim that the presence of other people in the Americas actually supports "careful readings of the Book of Mormon."Amerindians as Lamanites
  • Daniel C. Peterson, "Editor's Introduction," FARMS Review 15/2 (2003): ix–lxii. off-site PDF link
  • Matthew Roper, "Nephi's Neighbors: Book of Mormon Peoples and Pre-Columbian Populations," FARMS Review 15/2 (2003): 91–128. off-site PDF link
186LDS scholars "have come to the conclusion" that Book of Mormon populations comprised a very small part of a much larger group of people on the continent.Amerindians as Lamanites
  • Daniel C. Peterson, "Editor's Introduction," FARMS Review 15/2 (2003): ix–lxii. off-site PDF link
187LDS suggest that it would impossible to use DNA technology to identify a small local colony of individuals.Amerindians as Lamanites
  • D. Jeffrey Meldrum and Trent D. Stephens, "Who Are the Children of Lehi?," Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 12/1 (2003): 38–51. off-site PDF link wiki
188It is not likely that "founders effect" or "genetic drift" would "completely frustrate the identification of Israelite DNA in the Americas."Amerindians as Lamanites
  • No source given.
188The Book of Mormon states that the Lehite/Mulekite groups were both descended from Jewish ancestorsBook of Mormon and DNA evidence#General genetics issues
  • No source given.
190The Lemba prove that it is possible to detect Middle Eastern genes in a foreign environmentLemba and Cohen modal haplotype
  • John L. Sorenson, "The Problematic Role of DNA Testing in Unraveling Human History," Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 9/2 (2000): 66–74. off-site [No PDF link] wiki
190Church leaders have consistently associated Lamanites with Central America.Statements by Church leaders regarding Book of Mormon geography
  • Whiting, 2003b.
191The Mayan Empire is considered by Mormons to the closest to the people of the Book of Mormon.Amerindians as Lamanites—Maya and Olmec
  • No source specified.
191There is too much genetic variation in the X lineage to account for Book of Mormon people to have arrived as recently as 2600 years ago.Book of Mormon and DNA evidence/Geography issues/Haplotype X2a
  • Brown, et al., 1998.
192The X lineage occurs in North America and is not found in Central America.Book of Mormon and DNA evidence/Geography issues/Haplotype X2a
  • Hauswirth et al., 1994
  • Ribeiro-dos-Santo et al., 1996
192LDS writers have overlooked the fact that Mitochondrial DNA research shows that 99.6% of Native Americans migrated to the American continent thousands of years before the Israelites came into existence, and none of these are candidates for Israelite origin.Book of Mormon and DNA evidence
  • No source given.
192The remaining 0.4% is likely the result of genetic mixture with people who came to the New World after ColumbusBook of Mormon and DNA evidence
  • Author's conclusion.
193LDS scholars claim that the impact of Book of Mormon immigrants to the New World made an impact "so small that they barely mattered."Amerindians as Lamanites
  • No source given.
193A great number of Native Americans are now assumed to have been absorbed into New World Israelite civilizations.Amerindians as Lamanites
  • No source given.
193"Other people" in the Book of Mormon have "remained invisible" to most readers.Amerindians as Lamanites
  • No source given.
193-194"Gentiles who inhabited the Americas before, during and after the Book of Mormon period are potential Lamanites."Amerindians as Lamanites
  • 2_Ne. 1:5
  • John L. Sorenson and Matthew Roper, "Before DNA," Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 12/1 (2003): 6–23. off-site PDF link wiki
  • D. Jeffrey Meldrum and Trent D. Stephens, "Who Are the Children of Lehi?," Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 12/1 (2003): 38–51. off-site PDF link wiki
195The children of Lehi were to be "kept from all other nations, that they may possess this land unto themselves."Amerindians as Lamanites
195There are no explicit references to non-Israelites living near the Lehites or Jaredites.Amerindians as Lamanites
  • Brent L. Meltcalf, "Reinventing Lamanite Identity," Sunstone, 131:20-25 (2004).
195Five hundred years after their arrival, groups were still identified as having descended from Laman, Lemuel, Ishmael, etc.Book of Mormon tribal affiliations  [needs work]
196Familial terms used in the Book of Mormon imply a genetic link.Book of Mormon tribal affiliations  [needs work]
197Joseph Smith and other leaders taught that the Book of Mormon described the origins of the Indians in the western hemisphere.Statements by Church leaders regarding Book of Mormon geography
  • Matthew Roper, "Nephi's Neighbors: Book of Mormon Peoples and Pre-Columbian Populations," FARMS Review 15/2 (2003): 91–128. off-site PDF link
  • Matthew Roper, "Swimming the Gene Pool: Israelite Kinship Relations, Genes, and Genealogy," FARMS Review 15/2 (2003): 129–164. off-site PDF link
197Mormons "tend to be hazy" regarding what past Church leaders have said regarding geography.Statements by Church leaders regarding Book of Mormon geography
  • No source given.

Chapter 14: Moving the Spirit

Page Claim Response Use of sources
199No Semitic languages have been found in the New World.Hebrew and Native American languages
  • No source given.
199No wheeled chariots or horses to pull them have been found in the New WorldHorses in the Book of Mormon
  • No source given.
199No swords or steel have been found in the New WorldSteel in the Book of Mormon
  • No source given.
200The Israelites of the Book of Mormon made no noticable contribution to the native gene pool in the New World or in PolynesiaBook of Mormon and DNA evidence
  • No source given.
200Many LDS are disquieted by "how far the Book of Mormon is from reality"Book of Mormon historicity
  • No source given.
200Many LDS are disquieted by "how far the apologists have strayed from traditional Mormon beliefs"Apologetics
  • No source given.
201A supposition that the Church has a history of ancient America may some day be de-emphasizedBook of Mormon historicity
  • Brent L. Metcalf, New Approaches to the Book of Mormon: Explorations in Critical Methodology (1993).
  • Mark D. Thomas, Digging in Cumorah: Reclaiming Book of Mormon Narratives (1999).
202A limited Book of Mormon setting has "not been granted the church's official blessing in any way."Statements by Church leaders regarding Book of Mormon geography
  • No source given.
202The general membership would not believe a limited Book of Mormon geographyBook of Mormon limited geography theory
  • Author's opinion.
202Millions of Mormons believe that Lehi stands at the head of their own family pedigrees.Book of Mormon and DNA evidence
  • No source given.
202The work of LDS apologists is not discussed in any public forum sponsored by the Church.Apologetics
  • No source given.
202-203The genetic support for an Israelite presence in the New World is "slim to none"Book of Mormon and DNA evidence
  • Author's conclusion based upon preceeding chapters.
203Apologists are unable to find an Israelite genetic signature in the islands of the PacificBook of Mormon and DNA evidence
  • Author's conclusion based upon preceeding chapters.
203Apologists are unable to find an Israelite genetic signature in Central AmericaBook of Mormon and DNA evidence
  • Author's conclusion based upon preceeding chapters.
203Apologists have chosen to reinterpret the statements of modern prophets regarding Book of Mormon geographyBook of Mormon limited geography theory
  • No source given.
203Most Mormons believe that Adam and Eve were placed on the Earth 6000 years ago.Evolution
  • No source given.
203Most Mormons believe that the Earth was re-colonized after the FloodGlobal or local Flood
  • No source given.
203LDS apologists need to explain how people have lived in Australia and the New World separately for tens of thousands of years without evidence of a global flood having disturbed themGlobal or local Flood
  • Author's opinion.
203BYU professors have been "compelled to shrink the scale of the assumed Israelite incursion into the Americas"Book of Mormon limited geography theory
  • No source given.
204In 1938 Joseph Fielding Smith opposed a limited geography for the Book of Mormon.Statements by Church leaders regarding Book of Mormon geography
  • Unspecified statement by Joseph Fielding Smith in 1938.
204The youth of the Church have been assured that the Smithsonian uses the Book of Mormon to guide their researchSmithsonian statement on Book of Mormon archaeology
  • No source given.
204The Book of Mormon depicts the settlement of an area of the world that was previously unpopulated.Book of Mormon demographics
  • No source given.
205General Authorities tell members in certain areas of the world that they are the offspring of Lehi.Book of Mormon and DNA evidence
  • Author's conclusion based on preceednig chapters.
205The Church disregards people's own cultural history and local mythologies.Mormonism and native cultural traditions
  • No source given.
205The Church does not officially endorse apologetic scholarshipApologetics
  • No source given.
205The Church officially tells members not to attempt to link the Book of Mormon to any geographical locationIs there an "official" or revealed geography?
  • No source given.
206There is no evidence of a Hebrew influence in Mesoamerica.Hebrew and Native American languages
  • Author's conclusion.
206LDS apologists believe that the "miniscule Lehite colony" had no lasting impact on the Americas.Book of Mormon and DNA evidence
  • No source given.
206LDS apologists are cut off from the larger church community because of differences in their beliefs.Apologetics
  • No source given.
206-207The General Authorities have not found a way to detach or reinterpret the Book of Mormon from real historyBook of Mormon historicity
  • Author's opinion.
207The Church takes a "dim view" of scientists and intellectuals.Excommunication of scholars
  • No source given.

Further reading

Specific Authors and Works
Personal tools