Type of model
Model name: Tyler n.d.
Date proposed: n.d. 
Scope: N/A 
Narrow neck: N/A 
Land north: N/A 
Land south: N/A 
Cumorah: N/A 
Sidon: N/A 
Landing: N/A 
Religion: LDS 
Type: Internal 
 
Model name: Lauritzen n.d.
Date proposed: n.d. 
Scope: N/A 
Narrow neck: N/A 
Land north: N/A 
Land south: N/A 
Cumorah: N/A 
Sidon: N/A 
Landing: N/A 
Religion: LDS 
Type: Internal 
 
Model name: General 1830s
Date proposed: 1830 
Scope: HGT 
Narrow neck: Panama 
Land north: Panama to NY 
Land south: South America 
Cumorah: New York 
Sidon: Magdalena? 
Landing: Chile 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Times and Seasons 1842
Date proposed: 1842 
Scope: HGT? 
Narrow neck: Unclear 
Land north: Tehuantepec-NY? 
Land south: Unclear 
Cumorah: New York 
Sidon: Unclear 
Landing: Colombia 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Pratt 1866
Date proposed: 1866 
Scope: HGT 
Narrow neck: Panama 
Land north: Panama to NY 
Land south: South America 
Cumorah: New York 
Sidon: Magdalena 
Landing: Chile 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Com.-Maes 1880
Date proposed: 1880 
Scope: HGT 
Narrow neck: Panama 
Land north: Panama to NY 
Land south: South America 
Cumorah: New York 
Sidon: Magdalena 
Landing: Chile 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Reynolds 1880
Date proposed: 1880 
Scope: HGT 
Narrow neck: Panama 
Land north: Panama to NY 
Land south: South America 
Cumorah: New York 
Sidon: Magdalena 
Landing: Chile 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Plain Facts 1887
Date proposed: 1887 
Scope: HGT 
Narrow neck: Panama 
Land north: Guatemala 
Land south: South America 
Cumorah: New York? 
Sidon: Magdalena 
Landing: Chile? 
Religion: LDS 
Type: Minimal external 
 
Model name: Roberts 1888
Date proposed: 1888 
Scope: HGT 
Narrow neck: Panama 
Land north: Panama to NY 
Land south: South America 
Cumorah: New York 
Sidon: Magdalena 
Landing: Chile 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: RLDS/Wes 1900?
Date proposed: 1900 
Scope: HGT 
Narrow neck: Panama 
Land north: Panama to NY 
Land south: South America 
Cumorah: New York 
Sidon: Magdalena 
Landing: Chile 
Religion: RLDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Ricks 1904
Date proposed: 1904 
Scope: HGT 
Narrow neck: Panama 
Land north: Panama to NY 
Land south: South America 
Cumorah: Unclear 
Sidon: Magdalena 
Landing: Chile 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Hills 1917
Date proposed: 1917 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Tehuantepec 
Land north: South-Central 
Land south: Southern Mesoamerica, incl Yucatan 
Cumorah: Central Mexico 
Sidon: Usumacinta 
Landing: Central America 
Religion: RLDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Young pre-1920?
Date proposed: 1920 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Other 
Land north: Guatemala 
Land south: Honduras-El Salvador 
Cumorah: Guatemala 
Sidon: Ulna 
Landing: Central America 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Gunsolley 1922
Date proposed: 1922 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Panama 
Land north: Panama to NY 
Land south: South America 
Cumorah: Central Mexico 
Sidon: Magdalena 
Landing: Chile? 
Religion: RLDS 
Type: Minimal external 
 
Model name: Driggs 1925
Date proposed: 1925 
Scope: HGT 
Narrow neck: Honduras Bay 
Land north: Panama to NY 
Land south: Southern Guatemala 
Cumorah: Guatemala 
Sidon: Ulna 
Landing: Central America 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Bagley 1927
Date proposed: 1927 
Scope: HGT 
Narrow neck: Belize-Yucatan base 
Land north: South-Central Mexico 
Land south: Unclear 
Cumorah: New York 
Sidon: Unclear 
Landing: Unclear 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Sjodhal 1927
Date proposed: 1927 
Scope: HGT 
Narrow neck: Tehuantepec 
Land north: Tehuantepec-NY 
Land south: Unclear 
Cumorah: New York 
Sidon: Unclear 
Landing: Chile 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Washburn 1939
Date proposed: 1939 
Scope: N/A 
Narrow neck: N/A 
Land north: N/A 
Land south: N/A 
Cumorah: N/A 
Sidon: N/A 
Landing: N/A 
Religion: LDS 
Type: Internal 
 
Model name: Jakeman 1940s
Date proposed: 1940 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Tehuantepec 
Land north: South-Central Mexico 
Land south: Southern Mesoamerica, incl Yucatan 
Cumorah: Central Mexico 
Sidon: Usumacinta 
Landing: Central America 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Laytons 1940?
Date proposed: 1940 
Scope: HGT 
Narrow neck: Tehuantepec 
Land north: Tehuantepec-NY 
Land south: Southern Mesoamerica, incl Yucatan 
Cumorah: New York 
Sidon: Usumacinta 
Landing: Unclear 
Religion: LDS 
Type: Internal and Minimal External 
 
Model name: Ferguson 1947
Date proposed: 1947 
Scope: N/A 
Narrow neck: N/A 
Land north: N/A 
Land south: N/A 
Cumorah: N/A 
Sidon: N/A 
Landing: N/A 
Religion: LDS 
Type: Internal 
 
Model name: Wilde 1947
Date proposed: 1947 
Scope: HGT 
Narrow neck: Panama 
Land north: Panama to NY 
Land south: South America? 
Cumorah: New York 
Sidon: Unclear 
Landing: Chile? 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Birrell 1948
Date proposed: 1948 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Other 
Land north: Ecuador-Colombia 
Land south: Peru and south 
Cumorah: In South America 
Sidon: In Peru 
Landing: Chile 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Simmons 1948
Date proposed: 1948 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Tehuantepec 
Land north: South-Central Mexico 
Land south: Southern Mesoamerica, incl Yucatan 
Cumorah: Southern Veracruz 
Sidon: Usumacinta 
Landing: Central America 
Religion: RLDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Ferguson-Hunter 1950
Date proposed: 1950 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Tehuantepec 
Land north: South-Central Mexico 
Land south: Southern Mesoamerica, incl Yucatan 
Cumorah: Southern Veracruz 
Sidon: Usumacinta? 
Landing: Central America 
Religion: LDS 
Type: Minimal internal & external 
 
Model name: Stout 1950
Date proposed: 1950 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Other 
Land north: Unclear 
Land south: Other 
Cumorah: Unclear 
Sidon: Other 
Landing: Central America 
Religion: RLDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Hanson 1951
Date proposed: 1951 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Tehuantepec 
Land north: South-Central Mexico 
Land south: Southern Mesoamerica, incl Yucatan 
Cumorah: Southern Veracruz? 
Sidon: Unclear 
Landing: Central America? 
Religion: RLDS 
Type: Minimal external 
 
Model name: Pierce 1954
Date proposed: 1954 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Other 
Land north: Yucatan Peninsula 
Land south: Unclear 
Cumorah: Guatemala 
Sidon: Ulna 
Landing: Central America 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Sorenson 1955
Date proposed: 1955 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Tehuantepec 
Land north: South-Central Mexico 
Land south: Tehuantepec - El Salvador 
Cumorah: Southern Veracruz 
Sidon: Grijalva 
Landing: Central America 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Dixon 1958
Date proposed: 1958 
Scope: HGT 
Narrow neck: Panama 
Land north: Panama to NY 
Land south: South America 
Cumorah: New York 
Sidon: Unclear 
Landing: Central America 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Hammond 1959
Date proposed: 1959 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Tehuantepec? 
Land north: Unclear 
Land south: Tehuantepec - El Salvador? 
Cumorah: Central Mexico? 
Sidon: Usumacinta 
Landing: Chile 
Religion: LDS 
Type: Internal and Minimal External 
 
Model name: Lowe 1960a
Date proposed: 1960 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Honduras Bay 
Land north: Guatemala 
Land south: Other 
Cumorah: Guatemala 
Sidon: Unclear 
Landing: Central America 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Lowe 1960b
Date proposed: 1960 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Other 
Land north: Unclear 
Land south: Other 
Cumorah: Southern Veracruz? 
Sidon: Usumacinta 
Landing: Central America 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Vincent 1960?
Date proposed: 1960 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Tehuantepec 
Land north: South-Central Mexico 
Land south: Southern Mesoamerica, incl Yucatan 
Cumorah: Central Mexico 
Sidon: Usumacinta? 
Landing: Central America? 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Warren 1960
Date proposed: 1960 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Tehuantepec? 
Land north: South-Central Mexico 
Land south: Southern Mesoamerica, incl Yucatan 
Cumorah: Central Mexico 
Sidon: Usumacinta 
Landing: Central America 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Warren 1961
Date proposed: 1961 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Unclear 
Land north: South-Central Mexico 
Land south: Southern Mesoamerica, incl Yucatan 
Cumorah: Southern Veracruz 
Sidon: Usumacinta 
Landing: Central America 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Ludlow 1964
Date proposed: 1964 
Scope: N/A 
Narrow neck: N/A 
Land north: N/A 
Land south: N/A 
Cumorah: N/A 
Sidon: N/A 
Landing: N/A 
Religion: LDS 
Type: Internal 
 
Model name: Norman 1966
Date proposed: 1966 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Tehuantepec? 
Land north: South-Central Mexico 
Land south: Southern Mesoamerica, incl Yucatan? 
Cumorah: Unclear 
Sidon: Usumacinta 
Landing: Central America 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Christensen 1969
Date proposed: 1969 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Belize-Yucatan base 
Land north: Yucatan Peninsula 
Land south: Unclear 
Cumorah: Guatemala? 
Sidon: Ulna 
Landing: Central America 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Lowe 1970s
Date proposed: 1970 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Other 
Land north: Unclear 
Land south: Other 
Cumorah: Southern Veracruz? 
Sidon: Usumacinta 
Landing: Central America? 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Priddis 1975
Date proposed: 1975 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Other 
Land north: Ecuador-Colombia 
Land south: Other 
Cumorah: In South America 
Sidon: Unclear 
Landing: Chile 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Steede 1975
Date proposed: 1975 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Tehuantepec 
Land north: South-Central Mexico 
Land south: Southern Mesoamerica, incl Yucatan 
Cumorah: Southern Veracruz? 
Sidon: Usumacinta? 
Landing: Central America 
Religion: RLDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Loving 1976
Date proposed: 1976 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Tehuantepec 
Land north: South-Central Mexico 
Land south: Southern Mesoamerica, incl Yucatan 
Cumorah: Southern Veracruz 
Sidon: Usumacinta 
Landing: Unclear 
Religion: RLDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Ludlow 1976
Date proposed: 1976 
Scope: N/A 
Narrow neck: N/A 
Land north: N/A 
Land south: N/A 
Cumorah: N/A 
Sidon: N/A 
Landing: N/A 
Religion: LDS 
Type: Internal 
 
Model name: DeLong 1977
Date proposed: 1977 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Tehuantepec 
Land north: Yucatan Peninsula 
Land south: Southern Mesoamerica, incl Yucatan 
Cumorah: Central Mexico 
Sidon: Usumacinta 
Landing: Unclear 
Religion: RLDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Le Poidevin 1977
Date proposed: 1977 
Scope: HGT 
Narrow neck: Panama 
Land north: Panama to NY 
Land south: Other 
Cumorah: New York 
Sidon: Maranon? 
Landing: Chile 
Religion: RLDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Robison 1977
Date proposed: 1977 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Belize-Yucatan base 
Land north: Yucatan Peninsula 
Land south: Southern Guatemala 
Cumorah: Guatemala 
Sidon: Usumacinta 
Landing: Unclear 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Ellsworth 1980
Date proposed: 1980 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Other 
Land north: Unclear 
Land south: Other 
Cumorah: Unclear 
Sidon: Other 
Landing: Central America 
Religion: LDS 
Type: Internal & limited external 
 
Model name: Lesh 1980
Date proposed: 1980 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Tehuantepec 
Land north: South-Central Mexico 
Land south: Southern Mesoamerica, incl Yucatan 
Cumorah: Southern Veracruz 
Sidon: Ulna 
Landing: Central America 
Religion: RLDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Palmer 1981
Date proposed: 1981 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Tehuantepec 
Land north: South-Central Mexico 
Land south: Tehuantepec - El Salvador 
Cumorah: Southern Veracruz 
Sidon: Grijalva 
Landing: Central America 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Holley 1983
Date proposed: 1983 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Niagara peninsula 
Land north: Lower Canada? 
Land south: NY, Penn, Ohio 
Cumorah: New York 
Sidon: Genesse 
Landing: New England coast 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Porritt 1985
Date proposed: 1985 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Tehuantepec 
Land north: South-Central Mexico 
Land south: Southern Mesoamerica, incl Yucatan 
Cumorah: Southern Veracruz 
Sidon: Grijalva 
Landing: Central America 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Kocherhans 1986
Date proposed: 1986 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Other 
Land north: Ecuador-Colombia 
Land south: Peru and south 
Cumorah: In South America 
Sidon: In Peru 
Landing: Chile 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Nielson 1987
Date proposed: 1987 
Scope: N/A 
Narrow neck: N/A 
Land north: N/A 
Land south: N/A 
Cumorah: N/A 
Sidon: N/A 
Landing: N/A 
Religion: LDS 
Type: Internal 
 
Model name: Sahlin 1987
Date proposed: 1987 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Unclear 
Land north: Unclear 
Land south: Southern Mesoamerica, incl Yucatan 
Cumorah: Unclear 
Sidon: Grijalva 
Landing: Unclear 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Warren 1987
Date proposed: 1987 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Tehuantepec 
Land north: South-Central Mexico 
Land south: Tehuantepec - El Salvador 
Cumorah: Southern Veracruz 
Sidon: Grijalva 
Landing: Central America 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Curtis 1988
Date proposed: 1988 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Niagara Peninsula 
Land north: Unclear 
Land south: Other 
Cumorah: New York 
Sidon: Unclear 
Landing: Unclear 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Hauck 1988
Date proposed: 1988 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Other 
Land north: Unclear 
Land south: Southern Guatemala 
Cumorah: Southern Veracruz 
Sidon: Other 
Landing: Central America 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Hobby-Smith 1988
Date proposed: 1988 
Scope: HGT 
Narrow neck: Panama 
Land north: Panama to NY 
Land south: South America 
Cumorah: Central Mexico 
Sidon: Unclear 
Landing: Chile? 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Proctor 1988
Date proposed: 1988 
Scope: N/A 
Narrow neck: N/A 
Land north: N/A 
Land south: N/A 
Cumorah: N/A 
Sidon: N/A 
Landing: N/A 
Religion: LDS 
Type: Internal 
 
Model name: Qulter 1988
Date proposed: 1988 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Belize-Yucatan base 
Land north: Yucatan Peninsula 
Land south: Southern Guatemala 
Cumorah: Unclear 
Sidon: Other 
Landing: Central America 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Allen 1989
Date proposed: 1989 
Scope: LGT 
Narrow neck: Tehuantepec 
Land north: South-Central Mexico 
Land south: Southern Mesoamerica, incl Yucatan 
Cumorah: Southern Veracruz 
Sidon: Grijalva 
Landing: Central America 
Religion: LDS 
Type: External 
 
Model name: Clark 1989
Date proposed: 1989 
Scope: N/A 
Narrow neck: N/A 
Land north: N/A 
Land south: N/A 
Cumorah: N/A 
Sidon: N/A 
Landing: N/A 
Religion: LDS 
Type: Internal 
 
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